Adherence of Population with Different Socio-Economic Status to Preventive Measures in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic
Socioeconomic status influences health and the prevalence of chronic diseases. Low-income respondents are more likely to have behavioral factors and lower levels of health literacy, which predisposes them to a lack of consistent preventive measures. The aim of the study was to assess adherence to preventive measures among populations with varying socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the novel coronavirus pandemic, 1,269 people (883 women, 386 men, average age 56) participated in preventive measures during the novel coronavirus infection pandemic. Socioeconomic factors were assessed: education, income, profession, marital status. A questionnaire was developed to study adherence to preventive measures: COVID-19 experience, vaccination, and lifestyle changes. The survey revealed that married people predominated among those vaccinated (71.8 %), 9.8 % of participants had been vaccinated against the novel coronavirus infection. It was found that official marriage (OR 1.91, 95 % CI 1.03–3.54, p = 0.040) and higher education (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 0.9–3.0, p = 0.094) were associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection. A relationship was established between socioeconomic factors and adherence to preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.Individuals with secondary vocational education were less likely to make lifestyle changes. Married persons were more likely to wash their hands, use disinfectants (p = 0.007), clean their apartments and houses, and treat surfaces (p = 0.001), as well as groceries, mail, and parcels (p = 0.021) with disinfectants during the pandemic. Furthermore, this group of individuals had a higher risk of contracting the novel coronavirus compared to others.
Tsygankova D.P., Goffman L.S., Bazdyrev E.D., Nakhratova O.V., Artamonova G.V. 2026. Adherence of Population with Different Socio-Economic Status to Preventive Measures in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic. Challenges in Modern Medicine, 49(2): 131–144 (in Russian). DOI: 10.52575/2687-0940-2026-49-2-131-144. EDN: XFOZPW
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Список литературы
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Emeruwa U.N., Ona S., Shaman J.L., Turitz A., Wright J.D., Gyamfi-Bannerman C. Melamed A. 2020. Associations Between Built Environment, Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Pregnant Women in New York City. Jama; 324(4): 390–392. doi: 10.1001/jama.11370
Ferrara M., Bertozzi G., Volonnino G., Di Fazio A., Di Fazio N., Arcangeli M., Russa R., Frati P. 2023. Learning from the Past to Improve the Future-Vaccine Hesitancy Determinants in the Italian Population: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel). 11(3): 630. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030630
Garcia-Lamberechts J.E., Javier J., Alquezar A., Martenez-Valero C., Marinda J., Picando L.A., Arrebola., Lopez M.E., Parviainen A., Castillo J.G.D. 2021. Socio-Demographic Health Determinants Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Spanish Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 36(12): 3737–3742. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06584-6
Goumenou M., Sarigiannis D., Tsatsakis A., Anesti O., Docea A.O., Petrakis D. Tsoukalas D., Kostoff R., Rakitskii V., Spandidos DA., Aschner M., Calina D. 2020. COVID‑19 in Northern Italy: An Integrative Overview of Factors Possibly Influencing the Sharp Increase of the Outbreak (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports. 22(1): 20–32. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11079
Green M.S., Abdullah R., Vered S., Nitzan D. 2021. A Study of Ethnic, Gender and Educational Differences in Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccines in Israel – Implications for Vaccination Implementation Policies. Isrel Journal of Health Policy Research. 10(1): 26. doi: 10.1186/s13584-021-00458-w
Hearne B.N., Niño M.D. 2022. Understanding How Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Shape Mask-Wearing Adherence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the COVID Impact Survey. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. 9(1): 176–183. doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00941-1
Hubbard D., Colantonio L.D., Tanner R.M., Carson A.P., Sakhuja S., Jaeger B.C. Carey R.M., Cohen L.P., Shimbo D., Butler M., Bertoni A. G., Langford A. T., Booth 3rd J.N., Kalinowski J., Muntner P. 2019. Prediabetes and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease by Hypertension Status in Black Adults: The Jackson Heart Study. Diabetes Care. 42(12): 2322–2329. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1074
Lone N.I., McPeake J., Stewart N.I., Blayney M.C., Seem R.C., Donaldson L., Glass E., Haddow C., Hall R., Martin C., Paton M., Smith-Palmer A., Kaye T.C., Puxty K. 2021. Influence of Socioeconomic Deprivation on Interventions and Outcomes for Patients Admitted with COVID-19 to Critical Care Units in Scotland: A National Cohort Study. Lancet Regional Health-Europe. 1: 100005. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe..100005
Magesh S., John D., Li W.T., Li Y., Mattingly-App A., Jain S., Chang E.Y., Ongkeko W.M. 2021. Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 4(11). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.34147
Martín-Sánchez F.J., Martín-Sánchez F.J., Valls Carbó A., Miró Ò., Llorens P., Jiménez S., Piñera P., Burillo-Putze G., Martin A., Garcia-Lamberechts J.E., Javier J., Alquezar A., Martenez-Valero C., Marinda J., Picando L.A., Arrebola., Lopez M.E., Parviainen A., Castillo J.G.D. 2021. Socio-Demographic Health Determinants Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Spanish Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 36(12): 3737–3742. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06584-6
Mendenhall E., Kohrt B.A., Norris S.A., Ndetei D., Prabhakaran D. 2017. Non-Communicable Disease Syndemics: Poverty, Depression, and Diabetes among Low-Income Populations. Lancet. 389(10072): 951–963. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30402-6
Montuori P., Gentile I., Fiorilla C., Sorrentino M., Schiavone B., Fattore V., Coscetta F., Riccardi A., Villani A., Trama U., Pennino F., Triassi M., Nardone A. 2023. Understanding Factors Contributing to Vaccine Hesitancy in a Large Metropolitan Area. Vaccines (Basel). 11(10): 1558. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11101558
Mulholland R.H., Sinha I.P.2020. Ethnicity and COVID-19 Infection: Are the Pieces of the Puzzle Falling into Place? BMC Medical. 18(1): 206. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01669-9
Niedzwiedz C.L., O’Donnell C.A., Jani B.D., Demou E., Ho F.K., Celis-Morales C. Nicholl B., Mair F.S., Welsh P., Sattar N., Pell J.P., Katikireddi S.V. 2020. Ethnic and Socioeconomic Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Prospective Cohort Study Using UK Biobank. BMC Medical. 18(1): 160. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01640-8
Nishiura H., Oshitani H., Kobayashi T., Saito T., Sunagawa T. 2020. Closed Environments Facilitate Secondary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease. 2019. (COVID-19). MedRxiv. 2(28). doi: 10.1101/2020.02.28.20029272v1
Patel J.A., Nielsen F.B.H., Badiani A.A., Assi S., Unadkat V.A., Patel B., Ravindrane R. Wardle. 2020. Poverty, Inequality and COVID-19: The Forgotten Vulnerable. Public Health. 183: 110–111. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.05.006
Raju S., Keet C.A., Paulin L.M., Matsui E.C., Peng R.D., Hansel N.N., McCormack Meredith C.M. 2019. Rural Residence and Poverty Are Independent Risk Factors for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 199(8): 961–969. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1374OC
Ríos V., Denova-Gutiérrez E., Barquera S. 2022. Association between Living in Municipalities with High Crowding Conditions and Poverty and Mortality from COVID-19 in Mexico. PLoS One. 17(2): e0264137. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264137
Soltan M.A., Crowley L.E., Melville C.R., Varney J., Cassidy S., Mahida R. Grudzinska F.S. Parekh D. Dosanih D.P. 2020. To What Extent Are Social Determinants of Health, Including Household Overcrowding, Air Pollution and Housing Quality Deprivation, Modulators of Presentation, ITU Admission and Outcomes among Patients with SARS-COV-2 Infection in an Urban Catchment Area in Birmingham, United Kingdom? Research Square. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-35617/v1
Wachtler B., Michalski N., Nowossadeck E., Diercke M., Wahrendorf M., Santos-Hövener C. Lampert T., Hoebel J. 2020. Socioeconomic Inequalities and COVID-19 – A Review of the Current International Literature. Journal of Health Monitoring. 5(Suppl 7): 3–17. doi: 10.25646/7059
Zein S., Abdallah S.B., Al-Smadi A., Gammoh O., Al-Awaida W.J., Al-Zein HJ. 2021. Factors Associated with the Unwillingness of Jordanians, Palestinians and Syrians to be Vaccinated against COVID-19. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 15(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009957
Zsichla L., Müller V. 2023. Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors. Viruses. 15(1): 175. doi: 10.3390/v15010175
The study was conducted within the framework of the fundamental topic of the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases No. 0419-2022-0002 entitled “Development of innovative models for management of cardiovascular disease risk factors and comorbidities based on the study of fundamental, clinical, and epidemiological mechanisms and healthcare management techniques in the industrial region of Siberia”.