Приверженность населения разного социально-экономического статуса к профилактическим мероприятиям в условиях пандемии COVID-19
Социально-экономический статус влияет на здоровье и распространенность хронических заболеваний. Цель исследования – оценить приверженность к профилактическим мероприятиям населения разного социально-экономического статуса в период пандемии COVID-19. В исследовании участвовали 1 269 человек. Оценивались социально-экономические факторы: образование, доход, профессия, семейное положение. Разработана анкета для изучения приверженности профилактическим мероприятиям: о перенесенном COVID-19, вакцинации, изменении образа жизни. Было установлено, что среди вакцинированных преобладали лица, состоящие в браке (71, 8 %). Установлено, что официальный брак (ОШ 1,91, 95 % ДИ 1,03–3,54, р = 0,040) и высшее образование (ОШ 1,7, 95 % ДИ 0,9–3,0, р = 0,094) ассоциированы с риском заражения COVID-19. Лица со средним профессиональным образованием реже меняли образ жизни. Чаще мыли руки, пользовались дезинфицирующим средством (р = 0,007), убирали в квартирах и домах, обрабатывали поверхности (р = 0,001), а также бакалейные товары, почту и посылки (р = 0,021) дезинфицирующими средствами во время пандемии лица, состоявшие в официальном браке. При этом эта группа лиц имела большую вероятность заражения новой коронавирусной инфекцией по сравнению с другими.
Цыганкова Д.П., Гофман Л.С., Баздырев Е.Д., Нахратова О.В., Артамонова Г.В. 2026. Приверженность населения разного социально-экономического статуса к профилактическим мероприятиям в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Актуальные проблемы медицины, 49(2): 131–144. DOI: 10.52575/2687-0940-2026-49-2-131-144. EDN: XFOZPW
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Список литературы
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Ferrara M., Bertozzi G., Volonnino G., Di Fazio A., Di Fazio N., Arcangeli M., Russa R., Frati P. 2023. Learning from the Past to Improve the Future-Vaccine Hesitancy Determinants in the Italian Population: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel). 11(3): 630. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030630
Garcia-Lamberechts J.E., Javier J., Alquezar A., Martenez-Valero C., Marinda J., Picando L.A., Arrebola., Lopez M.E., Parviainen A., Castillo J.G.D. 2021. Socio-Demographic Health Determinants Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Spanish Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 36(12): 3737–3742. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06584-6
Goumenou M., Sarigiannis D., Tsatsakis A., Anesti O., Docea A.O., Petrakis D. Tsoukalas D., Kostoff R., Rakitskii V., Spandidos DA., Aschner M., Calina D. 2020. COVID‑19 in Northern Italy: An Integrative Overview of Factors Possibly Influencing the Sharp Increase of the Outbreak (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports. 22(1): 20–32. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11079
Green M.S., Abdullah R., Vered S., Nitzan D. 2021. A Study of Ethnic, Gender and Educational Differences in Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccines in Israel – Implications for Vaccination Implementation Policies. Isrel Journal of Health Policy Research. 10(1): 26. doi: 10.1186/s13584-021-00458-w
Hearne B.N., Niño M.D. 2022. Understanding How Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Shape Mask-Wearing Adherence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the COVID Impact Survey. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. 9(1): 176–183. doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00941-1
Hubbard D., Colantonio L.D., Tanner R.M., Carson A.P., Sakhuja S., Jaeger B.C. Carey R.M., Cohen L.P., Shimbo D., Butler M., Bertoni A. G., Langford A. T., Booth 3rd J.N., Kalinowski J., Muntner P. 2019. Prediabetes and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease by Hypertension Status in Black Adults: The Jackson Heart Study. Diabetes Care. 42(12): 2322–2329. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1074
Lone N.I., McPeake J., Stewart N.I., Blayney M.C., Seem R.C., Donaldson L., Glass E., Haddow C., Hall R., Martin C., Paton M., Smith-Palmer A., Kaye T.C., Puxty K. 2021. Influence of Socioeconomic Deprivation on Interventions and Outcomes for Patients Admitted with COVID-19 to Critical Care Units in Scotland: A National Cohort Study. Lancet Regional Health-Europe. 1: 100005. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe..100005
Magesh S., John D., Li W.T., Li Y., Mattingly-App A., Jain S., Chang E.Y., Ongkeko W.M. 2021. Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 4(11). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.34147
Martín-Sánchez F.J., Martín-Sánchez F.J., Valls Carbó A., Miró Ò., Llorens P., Jiménez S., Piñera P., Burillo-Putze G., Martin A., Garcia-Lamberechts J.E., Javier J., Alquezar A., Martenez-Valero C., Marinda J., Picando L.A., Arrebola., Lopez M.E., Parviainen A., Castillo J.G.D. 2021. Socio-Demographic Health Determinants Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Spanish Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 36(12): 3737–3742. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06584-6
Mendenhall E., Kohrt B.A., Norris S.A., Ndetei D., Prabhakaran D. 2017. Non-Communicable Disease Syndemics: Poverty, Depression, and Diabetes among Low-Income Populations. Lancet. 389(10072): 951–963. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30402-6
Montuori P., Gentile I., Fiorilla C., Sorrentino M., Schiavone B., Fattore V., Coscetta F., Riccardi A., Villani A., Trama U., Pennino F., Triassi M., Nardone A. 2023. Understanding Factors Contributing to Vaccine Hesitancy in a Large Metropolitan Area. Vaccines (Basel). 11(10): 1558. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11101558
Mulholland R.H., Sinha I.P.2020. Ethnicity and COVID-19 Infection: Are the Pieces of the Puzzle Falling into Place? BMC Medical. 18(1): 206. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01669-9
Niedzwiedz C.L., O’Donnell C.A., Jani B.D., Demou E., Ho F.K., Celis-Morales C. Nicholl B., Mair F.S., Welsh P., Sattar N., Pell J.P., Katikireddi S.V. 2020. Ethnic and Socioeconomic Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Prospective Cohort Study Using UK Biobank. BMC Medical. 18(1): 160. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01640-8
Nishiura H., Oshitani H., Kobayashi T., Saito T., Sunagawa T. 2020. Closed Environments Facilitate Secondary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease. 2019. (COVID-19). MedRxiv. 2(28). doi: 10.1101/2020.02.28.20029272v1
Patel J.A., Nielsen F.B.H., Badiani A.A., Assi S., Unadkat V.A., Patel B., Ravindrane R. Wardle. 2020. Poverty, Inequality and COVID-19: The Forgotten Vulnerable. Public Health. 183: 110–111. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.05.006
Raju S., Keet C.A., Paulin L.M., Matsui E.C., Peng R.D., Hansel N.N., McCormack Meredith C.M. 2019. Rural Residence and Poverty Are Independent Risk Factors for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 199(8): 961–969. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1374OC
Ríos V., Denova-Gutiérrez E., Barquera S. 2022. Association between Living in Municipalities with High Crowding Conditions and Poverty and Mortality from COVID-19 in Mexico. PLoS One. 17(2): e0264137. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264137
Soltan M.A., Crowley L.E., Melville C.R., Varney J., Cassidy S., Mahida R. Grudzinska F.S. Parekh D. Dosanih D.P. 2020. To What Extent Are Social Determinants of Health, Including Household Overcrowding, Air Pollution and Housing Quality Deprivation, Modulators of Presentation, ITU Admission and Outcomes among Patients with SARS-COV-2 Infection in an Urban Catchment Area in Birmingham, United Kingdom? Research Square. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-35617/v1
Wachtler B., Michalski N., Nowossadeck E., Diercke M., Wahrendorf M., Santos-Hövener C. Lampert T., Hoebel J. 2020. Socioeconomic Inequalities and COVID-19 – A Review of the Current International Literature. Journal of Health Monitoring. 5(Suppl 7): 3–17. doi: 10.25646/7059
Zein S., Abdallah S.B., Al-Smadi A., Gammoh O., Al-Awaida W.J., Al-Zein HJ. 2021. Factors Associated with the Unwillingness of Jordanians, Palestinians and Syrians to be Vaccinated against COVID-19. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 15(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009957
Zsichla L., Müller V. 2023. Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors. Viruses. 15(1): 175. doi: 10.3390/v15010175
Исследование проведено в рамках фундаментальной темы НИИ КПССЗ № 0419-2022-0002. Разработка инновационных моделей управления риском развития болезней системы кровообращения с учетом коморбидности на основе изучения фундаментальных, клинических, эпидемиологических механизмов и организационных технологий медицинской помощи в условиях промышленного региона Сибири.