A Review of Modern Structural Materials for the Manufacturing of Facial Epitheses
An analysis was conducted of literature sources spanning five years, focusing on construction materials for facial prostheses. Today, three groups of materials are used, depending on the manufacturing method and the type of prosthesis: medical silicones, acrylic plastics, and photopolymer resins. Each group has a number of drawbacks. Acrylates do not have sufficient elasticity to imitate the texture and consistency of the skin, can cause allergic reactions due to residual monomer, and exhibit polymerization shrinkage. Silicones are prone to rapid aging under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, have low tensile strength, and their porous structure promotes the formation of microbial biofilms and inflammatory processes. Photopolymer resins for 3D printing are still inferior to silicones in terms of strength, service life, and aesthetics. However, the technique of direct 3D printing of facial prostheses is the most promising in terms of cost‑effectiveness, high precision, digital data storage, and the ability to quickly produce a new prosthesis without additional medical interventions, which necessitates research into the development of an appropriate structural material.
Saakyan M.Yu., Velmakina I.V., Bryzgalov D.V. 2026. A Review of Modern Structural Materials for the Manufacturing of Facial Epitheses. Challenges in Modern Medicine, 49(3): 356–363 (in Russian). DOI: 10.52575/2687-0940-2026-49-3-356-363. EDN: AVTMFH
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