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Anemia and Acute Coronary Syndromes: Epidemiology, Etiology, Prognostic Value and Treatment

Anemia is an important negative predictor of short- and long-term risk in patients with acute (ACS) and chronic forms of coronary heart disease, especially in cases of manifest chronic heart failure (CHF), and is also an important perioperative risk predictor: it increases all causes mortality, and is associated with increased non-cardiac mortality. In addition, anemia is an independent risk factor of bleeding, while therapeutic options for the treatment of anemia remain limited. The aim of this study was evaluation of the incidence of anemia in patients with coronary artery disease who underwent myocardial revascularization and the impact of anemia on the risk of hemorrhagic events in the long-term prognosis. Our analyses showed that the incidence of anemia in patients with coronary artery disease who underwent myocardial revascularization upon discharge from the surgical hospital reaches 56.4 % (24.7 % in the ACS group and 96 % in the chronic Ischemic heart disease group). At the same time, only one of five patients is aware of the presence of anemia and only 1 % of anemic patients have the anemia treatment prescribtion at discharge. According to the literature analysis, anemia rises the risk of hemorrhagic events, therefore, special attention should be paid to its correction when examining patients with coronary heart disease, in order to prevent an increase in morbidity, select the correct therapy and prevent complications that may be associated with anemia.

DOI: 10.52575/2687-0940-2022-45-4-325-342
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