2687-0940Актуальные проблемы медицины2687-094010.52575/2687-0940-2026-49-2-131-144284ВНУТРЕННИЕ БОЛЕЗНИПриверженность населения разного социально-экономического статуса к профилактическим мероприятиям в условиях пандемии COVID-19Adherence of Population with Different Socio-Economic Status to Preventive Measures in the Context of COVID-19 PandemicЦыганковаДарья ПавловнаTsygankovaDaria P.cigadp@kemcardio.ruГофманЛюдмила СергеевнаGofmanLyudmila S.БаздыревЕвгений ДмитриевичBazdyrevEvgeny D.bazded@kemcardio.ruНахратоваОльга ВладимировнаNakhratovaOlga V.nahrov@kemcardio.ruАртамоноваГалина ВладимировнаArtamonovaGalina V.202649200

Социально-экономический статус влияет на здоровье и распространенность хронических заболеваний. Цель исследования – оценить приверженность к профилактическим мероприятиям населения разного социально-экономического статуса в период пандемии COVID-19. В исследовании участвовали 1 269 человек. Оценивались социально-экономические факторы: образование, доход, профессия, семейное положение. Разработана анкета для изучения приверженности профилактическим мероприятиям: о перенесенном COVID-19, вакцинации, изменении образа жизни. Было установлено, что среди вакцинированных преобладали лица, состоящие в браке (71, 8 %). Установлено, что официальный брак (ОШ 1,91, 95 % ДИ 1,03–3,54, р = 0,040) и высшее образование (ОШ 1,7, 95 % ДИ 0,9–3,0, р = 0,094) ассоциированы с риском заражения COVID-19. Лица со средним профессиональным образованием реже меняли образ жизни. Чаще мыли руки, пользовались дезинфицирующим средством (р = 0,007), убирали в квартирах и домах, обрабатывали поверхности (р = 0,001), а также бакалейные товары, почту и посылки (р = 0,021) дезинфицирующими средствами во время пандемии лица, состоявшие в официальном браке. При этом эта группа лиц имела большую вероятность заражения новой коронавирусной инфекцией по сравнению с другими.

Socioeconomic status influences health and the prevalence of chronic diseases. Low-income respondents are more likely to have behavioral factors and lower levels of health literacy, which predisposes them to a lack of consistent preventive measures. The aim of the study was to assess adherence to preventive measures among populations with varying socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the novel coronavirus pandemic, 1,269 people (883 women, 386 men, average age 56) participated in preventive measures during the novel coronavirus infection pandemic. Socioeconomic factors were assessed: education, income, profession, marital status. A questionnaire was developed to study adherence to preventive measures: COVID-19 experience, vaccination, and lifestyle changes. The survey revealed that married people predominated among those vaccinated (71.8 %), 9.8 % of participants had been vaccinated against the novel coronavirus infection. It was found that official marriage (OR 1.91, 95 % CI 1.03–3.54, p = 0.040) and higher education (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 0.9–3.0, p = 0.094) were associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection. A relationship was established between socioeconomic factors and adherence to preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.Individuals with secondary vocational education were less likely to make lifestyle changes. Married persons were more likely to wash their hands, use disinfectants (p = 0.007), clean their apartments and houses, and treat surfaces (p = 0.001), as well as groceries, mail, and parcels (p = 0.021) with disinfectants during the pandemic. Furthermore, this group of individuals had a higher risk of contracting the novel coronavirus compared to others.

новая коронавирусная инфекцияCOVID-19социально-экономический статусприверженность профилактикеnew coronavirus infectionCOVID-19socio-economic statusadherence to prevention

Исследование проведено в рамках фундаментальной темы НИИ КПССЗ № 0419-2022-0002. Разработка инновационных моделей управления риском развития болезней системы кровообращения с учетом коморбидности на основе изучения фундаментальных, клинических, эпидемиологических механизмов и организационных технологий медицинской помощи в условиях промышленного региона Сибири.

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Jama; 324(4): 390–392. doi: 10.1001/jama.11370Ferrara M., Bertozzi G., Volonnino G., Di Fazio A., Di Fazio N., Arcangeli M., Russa R., Frati P. 2023. Learning from the Past to Improve the Future-Vaccine Hesitancy Determinants in the Italian Population: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel). 11(3): 630. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030630Garcia-Lamberechts J.E., Javier J., Alquezar A., Martenez-Valero C., Marinda J., Picando L.A., Arrebola., Lopez M.E., Parviainen A., Castillo J.G.D. 2021. Socio-Demographic Health Determinants Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Spanish Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 36(12): 3737–3742. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06584-6Goumenou M., Sarigiannis D., Tsatsakis A., Anesti O., Docea A.O., Petrakis D. Tsoukalas D., Kostoff R., Rakitskii V., Spandidos DA., Aschner M., Calina D. 2020. COVID‑19 in Northern Italy: An Integrative Overview of Factors Possibly Influencing the Sharp Increase of the Outbreak (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports. 22(1): 20–32. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11079Green M.S., Abdullah R., Vered S., Nitzan D. 2021. A Study of Ethnic, Gender and Educational Differences in Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccines in Israel – Implications for Vaccination Implementation Policies. Isrel Journal of Health Policy Research. 10(1): 26. doi: 10.1186/s13584-021-00458-wHearne B.N., Niño M.D. 2022. Understanding How Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Shape Mask-Wearing Adherence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the COVID Impact Survey. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. 9(1): 176–183. doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00941-1Hubbard D., Colantonio L.D., Tanner R.M., Carson A.P., Sakhuja S., Jaeger B.C. Carey R.M., Cohen L.P., Shimbo D., Butler M., Bertoni A. G., Langford A. T., Booth 3rd J.N., Kalinowski J., Muntner P. 2019. Prediabetes and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease by Hypertension Status in Black Adults: The Jackson Heart Study. Diabetes Care. 42(12): 2322–2329. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1074Lone N.I., McPeake J., Stewart N.I., Blayney M.C., Seem R.C., Donaldson L., Glass E., Haddow C., Hall R., Martin C., Paton M., Smith-Palmer A., Kaye T.C., Puxty K. 2021. Influence of Socioeconomic Deprivation on Interventions and Outcomes for Patients Admitted with COVID-19 to Critical Care Units in Scotland: A National Cohort Study. Lancet Regional Health-Europe. 1: 100005. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe..100005Magesh S., John D., Li W.T., Li Y., Mattingly-App A., Jain S., Chang E.Y., Ongkeko W.M. 2021. Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 4(11). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.34147Martín-Sánchez F.J., Martín-Sánchez F.J., Valls Carbó A., Miró Ò., Llorens P., Jiménez S., Piñera P., Burillo-Putze G., Martin A., Garcia-Lamberechts J.E., Javier J., Alquezar A., Martenez-Valero C., Marinda J., Picando L.A., Arrebola., Lopez M.E., Parviainen A., Castillo J.G.D. 2021. Socio-Demographic Health Determinants Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Spanish Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 36(12): 3737–3742. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06584-6Mendenhall E., Kohrt B.A., Norris S.A., Ndetei D., Prabhakaran D. 2017. Non-Communicable Disease Syndemics: Poverty, Depression, and Diabetes among Low-Income Populations. Lancet. 389(10072): 951–963. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30402-6Montuori P., Gentile I., Fiorilla C., Sorrentino M., Schiavone B., Fattore V., Coscetta F., Riccardi A., Villani A., Trama U., Pennino F., Triassi M., Nardone A. 2023. Understanding Factors Contributing to Vaccine Hesitancy in a Large Metropolitan Area. Vaccines (Basel). 11(10): 1558. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11101558Mulholland R.H., Sinha I.P.2020. Ethnicity and COVID-19 Infection: Are the Pieces of the Puzzle Falling into Place? BMC Medical. 18(1): 206. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01669-9Niedzwiedz C.L., O’Donnell C.A., Jani B.D., Demou E., Ho F.K., Celis-Morales C. Nicholl B., Mair F.S., Welsh P., Sattar N., Pell J.P., Katikireddi S.V. 2020. Ethnic and Socioeconomic Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Prospective Cohort Study Using UK Biobank. BMC Medical. 18(1): 160. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01640-8Nishiura H., Oshitani H., Kobayashi T., Saito T., Sunagawa T. 2020. Closed Environments Facilitate Secondary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease. 2019. (COVID-19). MedRxiv. 2(28). doi: 10.1101/2020.02.28.20029272v1Patel J.A., Nielsen F.B.H., Badiani A.A., Assi S., Unadkat V.A., Patel B., Ravindrane R. Wardle. 2020. Poverty, Inequality and COVID-19: The Forgotten Vulnerable. Public Health. 183: 110–111. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.05.006Raju S., Keet C.A., Paulin L.M., Matsui E.C., Peng R.D., Hansel N.N., McCormack Meredith C.M. 2019. Rural Residence and Poverty Are Independent Risk Factors for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 199(8): 961–969. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1374OCRíos V., Denova-Gutiérrez E., Barquera S. 2022. Association between Living in Municipalities with High Crowding Conditions and Poverty and Mortality from COVID-19 in Mexico. PLoS One. 17(2): e0264137. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264137Soltan M.A., Crowley L.E., Melville C.R., Varney J., Cassidy S., Mahida R. Grudzinska F.S. Parekh D. Dosanih D.P. 2020. To What Extent Are Social Determinants of Health, Including Household Overcrowding, Air Pollution and Housing Quality Deprivation, Modulators of Presentation, ITU Admission and Outcomes among Patients with SARS-COV-2 Infection in an Urban Catchment Area in Birmingham, United Kingdom? Research Square. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-35617/v1Wachtler B., Michalski N., Nowossadeck E., Diercke M., Wahrendorf M., Santos-Hövener C. Lampert T., Hoebel J. 2020. Socioeconomic Inequalities and COVID-19 – A Review of the Current International Literature. Journal of Health Monitoring. 5(Suppl 7): 3–17. doi: 10.25646/7059 Zein S., Abdallah S.B., Al-Smadi A., Gammoh O., Al-Awaida W.J., Al-Zein HJ. 2021. Factors Associated with the Unwillingness of Jordanians, Palestinians and Syrians to be Vaccinated against COVID-19. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 15(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009957Zsichla L., Müller V. 2023. Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors. Viruses. 15(1): 175. doi: 10.3390/v15010175