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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2687-0940</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Актуальные проблемы медицины</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-0940</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52575/2687-0940-2026-49-2-160-167</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">286</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>ХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинический случай загрудинного зоба</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Clinical Case of Retrosternal Goiter</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климашевич</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimashevich</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>klimashevich78@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>Алексей Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>botkin.karpov@yandex.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>Максим Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>Maksim Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>doctor.judin@xn--gmil-63d.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гугнин</surname><given-names>Антон Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gugnin</surname><given-names>Anton V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>adocgugnin@gmail.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>0</fpage><lpage>0</lpage><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="/media/journal-medicine/2026/2/160-167.pdf" /><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Опухоли щитовидной железы, растущие в средостении, определяются как внутригрудной зоб (термины &amp;laquo;загрудинный&amp;raquo; и &amp;laquo;внутригрудной&amp;raquo; используются в литературе как взаимозаменяемые), когда медиастинальная часть представлена больше, чем шейная, и они выходят за пределы грудного входа на два пальца ниже или не менее чем на 4 см. Пациентам с симптоматическим загрудинным зобом, как правило, рекомендовано хирургическое вмешательство, а вопрос о лечебной тактике у больных с загрудинным зобом с бессимптомным течением остается открытым. В данной статье описан клинический случай предоперационной оценки рисков, деталей хирургической техники и профилактики послеоперационных осложнений у больной с левосторонним узловым зобом, осложненным компрессией трахеи и загрудинным расположением. Учитывая тот факт, что в большинстве случаев загрудинного зоба результаты пункционной биопсии оказываются доброкачественными, целесообразность хирургического вмешательства у больных с бессимптомным течением ставится под сомнение.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Thyroid tumors arising in the mediastinum are defined as intrathoracic goiters (the terms &amp;quot;retrosternal&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;intrathoracic&amp;quot; are used interchangeably in the literature) when the mediastinal portion is larger than the cervical portion and extends beyond the thoracic inlet by two fingerbreadths or at least 4 four cm.

Patients with symptomatic retrosternal goiters are typically recommended for surgical intervention, while the treatment strategy for patients with asymptomatic retrosternal goiters remains unclear. This article describes a clinical case of preoperative risk assessment, surgical technique, and prevention of postoperative complications in a patient with a left-sided nodular goiter complicated by tracheal compression and a retrosternal location. Considering the fact that in most cases of substernal goiter the results of puncture biopsy are benign, the advisability of surgical intervention in asymptomatic patients is questionable.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>узловой зоб</kwd><kwd>загрудинный зоб</kwd><kwd>компрессия трахеи</kwd><kwd>стернотомия при загрудинном зобе</kwd><kwd>цервикальный доступ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nodular goiter</kwd><kwd>retrosternal goiter</kwd><kwd>tracheal compression</kwd><kwd>sternotomy for retrosternal goiter</kwd><kwd>cervical access</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>Список литературы</title><ref id="B1"><mixed-citation>Список литературы</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><mixed-citation>Аникин В., Велман К., Асади Н., Далал П., Решетов И., Беддоу Э. 2021. Загрудинный зоб в торакальной хирургической практике. Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова. 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Extended Cervical Approach for Retrosternal Multinodular Goiter. Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica: organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale, 44(1), 21&amp;ndash;26. https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-N2746</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><mixed-citation>Zuo T., Gao Z., Chen Z., Wen B., Chen B., Zhang Z. 2022. Surgical Management of 48 Patients with Retrosternal Goiter and Tracheal Stenosis: A Retrospective Clinical Study from a Single Surgical Center. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 28, e936637. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.936637</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><mixed-citation>References</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><mixed-citation>Anikin V., Welman K., Asadi N., Dalal P., Reshetov I., Beddow E. 2021. Retrosternal Goiter in Thoracic Surgical Practice. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. (12): 20&amp;ndash;26 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia202112120</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><mixed-citation>Battistella E., Pomba L., Sidoti G., Vignotto C., Toniato A. 2022. Retrosternal Goitre: Anatomical Aspects and Technical Notes. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 58(3), 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58030349</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><mixed-citation>Can A.S., Rehman A. 2023. Goiter. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><mixed-citation>Can A.S., Nagalli S. Substernal Goiter [Updated 2025 Jan 15]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557416/#</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><mixed-citation>Cappellacci F., Canu G.L., Rossi L., De Palma A., Mavromati M., Kuczma P., Di Filippo G., Morelli E., Demarchi M.S., Brazzarola P., Materazzi G., Calo P.G., Medas F. and our Mediastinal Goiter Study Collaborative Group. 2024. Differences in Surgical Outcomes between Cervical Goiter and Retrosternal Goiter: An International, Multicentric Evaluation. Front. Surg. 11: 1341683. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1341683</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><mixed-citation>Daggett R. L. B., Farishta D., Cuellar H., Nathan C. O. (2021). Substernal Goitre Presenting with Upper and Lower Extremity Oedema. BMJ Case Reports, 14(11), e245036. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-245036</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><mixed-citation>Landerholm K., Jarhult J. 2015. Should Asymptomatic Retrosternal Goitre be Left Untreated? A Prospective Single-Centre Study. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. 104(2): 92&amp;ndash;95. doi:10.1177/1457496914523411</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><mixed-citation>Leivaditis V., Liolis E., Baltayiannis N., Sarof P., Pagoulatou A., Grapatsas K., Antzoulas A., Litsas D., Papadopoulos P. D., Theofanis G., Nikolakopoulos K., Katsakiori P., Papatriantafyllou A., Koletsis E., Michalaki M., Mulita F. 2025. Diving Retrosternal Goiter and the Dilemma of Sternotomy: Indications, Predictors and Surgical Considerations. Kardiochirurgia i torakochirurgia polska = Polish Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 22(3), 174&amp;ndash;181. https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2025.154929</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><mixed-citation>Patel K.N., Yip L., Lubitz C.C., Grubbs E.G., Miller B.S., Shen W., Angelos P., Chen H., Doherty G.M., Fahey&amp;nbsp;T.J 3rd, Kebebew E., Livolsi V.A., Perrier N.D., Sipos J.A., Sosa J.A., Steward D., Tufano R.P., McHenry C.R., Carty S.E. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults. Ann Surg. 2020 Mar; 271(3): e21&amp;ndash;e93. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003580. PMID: 32079830</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><mixed-citation>Tsur N., Levi L., Frig O., Koch N., Eshel Y., Bachar G., Shpitzer T., Yehuda M., Pescovitz Y., Wiesel O., Dudkiewicz D., Mizrachi A. (2024). Extended Cervical Approach for Retrosternal Multinodular Goiter. Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica: organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale, 44(1), 21&amp;ndash;26. https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-N2746</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><mixed-citation>Zuo T., Gao Z., Chen Z., Wen B., Chen B., Zhang Z. 2022. Surgical Management of 48 Patients with Retrosternal Goiter and Tracheal Stenosis: A Retrospective Clinical Study from a Single Surgical Center. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 28, e936637. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.936637</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>