The article presents the results of a study focused on examination of preschool children from different ethnic groups of the North Caucasus. Modern methods, including 3D scanning of upper and lower jaws and computer-assisted odontometry on 3D models, were used to analyze dental anatomical features. The sample included 186 preschoolers, allowing the authors to study odontometric parameters and identify possible ethnically determined differences in dental arch structure. This approach demonstrates the potential of digital technologies in anthropological and dental research, as 3D scanning ensures high measurement accuracy and enables the analysis of dental morphology with consideration of ethnic background. The findings may be valuable not only for anthropology but also for clinical dentistry—for example, in planning orthodontic treatment for children from different ethnic groups.