The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic has killed more than 6.5 million people. The severity of this infection in acute period is closely related to immune response activity, including cytokines release syndrome, which increases the risk of severe course and death. At the same time, about 30 % of patients demonstrates symptoms persistence for 12 weeks or more, which is referred to as post-COVID-19 syndrome or long COVID. To search for known associations of systemic inflammatory activity and the course of both acute phase and post-COVID-19 syndrome, we conducted a literature review using the National Library of Medicine databases. Considering the significance of markers in predicting the risk of worsening the acute infection severity, we analyzed their interaction with the possibility of chronic postinfectious inflammation development, responsible for post-COVID-19 syndrome formation. Given the postinfectious asthenia syndrome pathogenesis, chronic low-intensity inflammation plays a central role in post-COVID-19 syndrome formation and manifests by persistent increase of interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein. In addition, high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and high fibrinogen may be considered as long COVID predictors.
The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic has killed more than 6.5 million people. The severity of this infection in acute period is closely related to immune response activity, including cytokines release syndrome, which increases the risk of severe course and death. At the same time, about 30 % of patients demonstrates symptoms persistence for 12 weeks or more, which is referred to as post-COVID-19 syndrome or long COVID. To search for known associations of systemic inflammatory activity and the course of both acute phase and post-COVID-19 syndrome, we conducted a literature review using the National Library of Medicine databases. Considering the significance of markers in predicting the risk of worsening the acute infection severity, we analyzed their interaction with the possibility of chronic postinfectious inflammation development, responsible for post-COVID-19 syndrome formation. Given the postinfectious asthenia syndrome pathogenesis, chronic low-intensity inflammation plays a central role in post-COVID-19 syndrome formation and manifests by persistent increase of interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein. In addition, high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and high fibrinogen may be considered as long COVID predictors.