About a fifth of the world's population suffers from one or more chronic diseases, which exposes them to an increased risk of severe coronavirus infection COVID-19. At the same time, metabolic disorders are often detected, the presence of which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and is accompanied by a more severe manifestation of the disease. The largest number of hospitalizations and deaths in the world associated with a new coronavirus infection falls on elderly and senile people. Age and concomitant diseases characteristic of the elderly, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and renal insufficiency affect the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Now, more than 2 years after the initial outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, there is strong evidence that people with metabolic diseases are not only more susceptible to severe COVID-19, but also have an increased risk of certain complications. Thus, primary prevention remains the best strategy to avoid post-COVID syndrome and associated metabolic disorders.