Every year the importance of issues of hypersensitivity of hard tissues of teeth becomes more significant. According to the study, in the Russian Federation, the prevalence of hyperesthesia occurs in more than 70 % of patients. The reason for the development of this pathology is various factors, as a result of which hypersensitivity is a multifactorial dental disease. The purpose of this work was to study the role of various factors in the formation of hyperesthesia of hard tooth tissues. The article analyzes data on the morbidity of the population with hypersensitivity of the hard tissues of the teeth. The factors leading to the occurrence of this pathology, treatment options for the sensitivity of hard tissues depending on the cause of the disease are described, as well as methods and means of preventing the above-mentioned disease are considered.