In recent decades, there are more reports about the relationship and importance of evaluating pathological manifestations such as orofacial pain, temporomandibular pathology and occlusion changes during the examination of patients with adentia who need dental treatment and orthodontic rehabilitation. Aim of the work is to justify the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of patients with adentia based on literature data analysis on the relationship of orofacial pain, occlusion and temporomandibular joint pathology in patients with complete and partial adentia. It described the classification, etiology and manifestations of orofacial pain syndrome. It is indicated that in most cases when planning a complex orthodontic rehabilitation it is necessary to ensure the protective occlusal schemes by correcting the position of the jaws, in particular by ensuring acceptable occlusal vertical dimensions. The first need to use an interdisciplinary approach to the dental treatment of this patient population provides that patients with orofacial pain need a thorough comprehensive examination. In this regard, it is mandatory to assess the condition of the temporomandibular joint using a complex of instrumental and laboratory diagnostic methods. The importance of palpation of the cervical muscles was noted, this element should become an obligatory part of the standard examination. The most effective in orofacial pain and temporomandibular joint pathology a combination of dental, orthopedic, and osteopathic treatment. Moreover, in some cases, methods of psychodiagnostics and psychocorrection are of paramount importance. Regardless of the purpose of the treatment and rehabilitation measures, specialists should make maximum efforts to minimize the effects of established structures on the state of the patient central nervous system. It is concluded that, as part of a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with adentia, it is necessary to use methods confirmed by the corresponding evidence base in order to verify the prevalence of painful neuromuscular or occlusal-articular syndromes, as well as assess their systemic effect on the biomechanical relationships of all elements maxillofacial system.